标准库头文件 <map>

#include <initializer_list>
 
namespace std {
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare = less<Key>,
              class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key, T> > >
        class map;
 
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator==(const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator< (const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator!=(const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator> (const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator>=(const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator<=(const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
 
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        void swap(map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                  map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
 
 
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare = less<Key>,
              class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key, T> > >
        class multimap;
 
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator==(const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator< (const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator!=(const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator> (const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator>=(const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        bool operator<=(const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                        const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
 
    template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
        void swap(multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x,
                  multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& y);
}

template <class Key, class T, class Compare = less<Key>,
          class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key, T> > >
class map {
public:
    // 类型：
    typedef Key                                                 key_type;
    typedef T                                                   mapped_type;
    typedef pair<const Key, T>                                  value_type;
    typedef Compare                                             key_compare;
    typedef Allocator                                           allocator_type;
    typedef value_type&                                         reference;
    typedef const value_type&                                   const_reference;
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     iterator;
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     const_iterator; 
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     size_type;
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     difference_type;
    typedef typename allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer       pointer;
    typedef typename allocator_traits<Allocator>::const_pointer const_pointer;
    typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>                     reverse_iterator;
    typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>               const_reverse_iterator;
 
    class value_compare {
        friend class map;
    protected:
        Compare comp;
        value_compare(Compare c) : comp(c) {}
    public:
        typedef bool        result_type;
        typedef value_type  first_argument_type;
        typedef value_type  second_argument_type;
        bool operator()(const value_type& x, const value_type& y) const {
            return comp(x.first, y.first);
        }
    };
 
    explicit map(const Compare& comp = Compare(),
                 const Allocator& = Allocator());
    template <class InputIterator>
        map(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
            const Compare& comp = Compare(), const Allocator& = Allocator());
    map(const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x);
    map(map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&& x);
    explicit map(const Allocator&);
    map(const map&, const Allocator&);
    map(map&&, const Allocator&);
    map(initializer_list<value_type>,
        const Compare& = Compare(),
        const Allocator& = Allocator());
 
    ~map();
 
    map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&
        operator=(const map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x);
    map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&
        operator=(map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&& x);
    map& operator=(initializer_list<value_type>);
 
    allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept;
 
 
    // 迭代器：
    iterator                begin() noexcept;
    const_iterator          begin() const noexcept;
    iterator                end() noexcept;
    const_iterator          end() const noexcept;
 
    reverse_iterator        rbegin() noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  rbegin() const noexcept;
    reverse_iterator        rend() noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  rend() const noexcept;
 
    const_iterator          cbegin() noexcept;
    const_iterator          cend() noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  crbegin() const noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  crend() const noexcept;
 
    // 容量：
    bool      empty() const noexcept;
    size_type size() const noexcept;
    size_type max_size() const noexcept;
 
    // 元素访问：
    T& operator[](const key_type& x);
    T& operator[](key_type&& x);
    T&       at(const key_type& x);
    const T& at(const key_type& x) const;
 
    // 修改器：
    template <class... Args> pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&&... args);
    template <class... Args> 
        iterator emplace_hint(const_iterator position, Args&&... args);
    pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& x);
    template <class P> pair<iterator, bool> insert(P&& x);
        iterator insert(const_iterator position, const value_type& x);
    template <class P>
        iterator insert(const_iterator position, P&&);
    template <class InputIterator>
        void insert(InputIterator first, InputIterator last);
    void insert(initializer_list<value_type>);
 
    iterator erase(const_iterator position);
    size_type erase(const key_type& x);
    iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
    void swap(map<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&);
    void clear() noexcept;
 
    // 观察器：
    key_compare   key_comp() const;
    value_compare value_comp() const;
 
    // map 操作：
    iterator        find(const key_type& x);
    const_iterator  find(const key_type& x) const;
    size_type       count(const key_type& x) const;
 
    iterator        lower_bound(const key_type& x);
    const_iterator  lower_bound(const key_type& x) const;
    iterator        upper_bound(const key_type& x);
    const_iterator  upper_bound(const key_type& x) const;
 
    pair<iterator,iterator> 
        equal_range(const key_type& x);
    pair<const_iterator,const_iterator> 
        equal_range(const key_type& x) const;
};

template <class Key, class T, class Compare = less<Key>,
          class Allocator = allocator<pair<const Key, T> > >
class multimap {
public:
    // 类型：
    typedef Key                                                 key_type;
    typedef T                                                   mapped_type;
    typedef pair<const Key, T>                                  value_type;
    typedef Compare                                             key_compare;
    typedef Allocator                                           allocator_type;
    typedef value_type&                                         reference;
    typedef const value_type&                                   const_reference;
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     iterator;
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     const_iterator; 
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     size_type;
    typedef /* 由实现定义 */                                     difference_type;
    typedef typename allocator_traits<Allocator>::pointer       pointer;
    typedef typename allocator_traits<Allocator>::const_pointer const_pointer;
    typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>                     reverse_iterator;
    typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>               const_reverse_iterator;
 
    class value_compare {
        friend class multimap;
    protected:
        Compare comp;
        value_compare(Compare c) : comp(c) {}
    public:
        typedef bool        result_type;
        typedef value_type  first_argument_type;
        typedef value_type  second_argument_type;
        bool operator()(const value_type& x, const value_type& y) const {
            return comp(x.first, y.first);
        }
    };
 
    explicit multimap(const Compare& comp = Compare(),
                 const Allocator& = Allocator());
    template <class InputIterator>
        multimap(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
            const Compare& comp = Compare(), const Allocator& = Allocator());
    multimap(const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x);
    multimap(multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&& x);
    explicit multimap(const Allocator&);
    multimap(const multimap&, const Allocator&);
    multimap(multimap&&, const Allocator&);
    multimap(initializer_list<value_type>,
        const Compare& = Compare(),
        const Allocator& = Allocator());
 
    ~multimap();
 
    multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&
        operator=(const multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>& x);
    multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&
        operator=(multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&& x);
    multimap& operator=(initializer_list<value_type>);
 
    allocator_type get_allocator() const noexcept;
 
 
    // 迭代器：
    iterator                begin() noexcept;
    const_iterator          begin() const noexcept;
    iterator                end() noexcept;
    const_iterator          end() const noexcept;
 
    reverse_iterator        rbegin() noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  rbegin() const noexcept;
    reverse_iterator        rend() noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  rend() const noexcept;
 
    const_iterator          cbegin() noexcept;
    const_iterator          cend() noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  crbegin() const noexcept;
    const_reverse_iterator  crend() const noexcept;
 
    // 容量：
    bool      empty() const noexcept;
    size_type size() const noexcept;
    size_type max_size() const noexcept;
 
    // 修改器：
    template <class... Args> pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&&... args);
    template <class... Args> iterator emplace_hint(const_iterator position, Args&&... args);
    pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& x);
    template <class P> pair<iterator, bool> insert(P&& x);
        iterator insert(const_iterator position, const value_type& x);
    template <class P>
        iterator insert(const_iterator position, P&&);
    template <class InputIterator>
        void insert(InputIterator first, InputIterator last);
    void insert(initializer_list<value_type>);
 
    iterator erase(const_iterator position);
    size_type erase(const key_type& x);
    iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
    void swap(multimap<Key,T,Compare,Allocator>&);
    void clear() noexcept;
 
    // 观察器：
    key_compare   key_comp() const;
    value_compare value_comp() const;
 
    // multimap 操作：
    iterator        find(const key_type& x);
    const_iterator  find(const key_type& x) const;
    size_type       count(const key_type& x) const;
 
    iterator        lower_bound(const key_type& x);
    const_iterator  lower_bound(const key_type& x) const;
    iterator        upper_bound(const key_type& x);
    const_iterator  upper_bound(const key_type& x) const;
 
    pair<iterator,iterator> 
        equal_range(const key_type& x);
    pair<const_iterator,const_iterator> 
        equal_range(const key_type& x) const;
};